Quick answer: Munich Airport recommends arriving at least 2 hours before domestic flights and 3 hours before international flights. Bag-drop counters typically close 45–90 minutes before departure.
Departing passengers
Check-in and baggage drop usually close about an hour before a domestic departure, and up to 90 minutes before longer international flights — but this varies by airline, so check your specific carrier's cut-off time.
Connecting passengers
Schengen-to-Schengen connection: 45–75 minutes is usually enough
Non-Schengen arrival connecting onward: allow at least 90 minutes for passport control
Connections that switch between Terminal 1 and Terminal 2: allow closer to 2 hours
Munich Airport's official minimum connection time is 40 minutes, but that's a floor, not a comfortable target — build in extra time, especially for your first visit.